延陵植物標本閣被子植物館藏分類依據

柯朗奎斯特 (Cronquist)分類系統

分類系統細分至科(family)級, 灰色學名為現今己棄用的異名(同義詞), 所有學名最後以括號"( )"標本的數字為提出及發表該學名的年份。

I. 綱 發表人,(發表年份)
  1.  亞綱   發表人,(發表年份)
               同義詞 發表人,(發表年份)
   1.目   發表人, (發表年份)
               同義詞 發表人,(發表年份)
       1. 科  發表人,(發表年份)
               同義詞 發表人,(發表年份)

Magnoliophyta 
       Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996)


   I. Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Aceropsida Endl. (1840)
               Aesculopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Aristolochiopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Asaropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Asclepidopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Asteropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Berberidopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Cactopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Campanulopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Caprifoliopsida Endl. (1838)
               Caryophyllopsida Bartl. (1825)
               Celastropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Cistopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Coffeopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Convolvulopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Crassulopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Crotonopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Cucurbitopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Daphnopsida Meisn. (1841)
               Diospyropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Ericopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Frangulopsida Endl. (1840)
               Geraniopsida Meisn. (1837)
               Hamamelidopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Hydropeltidopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Ligustropsida Bartl. ex Meisn. (1840)
               Loniceropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Loranthopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Malpighiopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Malvopsida R. Br. (1818)
               Myrsinopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Myrtopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Nelumbonopsida Endl. (1839)
               Nymphaeopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Oeotheropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Opuntiopsida Endl. (1839)
               Papaveropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Passifloropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Piperopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Plantaginopsida Meisn. (1841)
               Plumbaginopsida Endl. (1837)
               Polygalopsida Endl. (1840)
               Polygonopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Primulopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Proteopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Ranunculopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Rhamnopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Rosopsida Batsch (1788)
               Rubiopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Rutopsida A. Juss. ex Meisn. (1837)
               Salicopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Santalopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Saxifragopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Selaginopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Solanopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Styracopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Thymelaeopsida Endl. (1837)
               Urticopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Verbenopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Violopsida Brongn. (1843)

　

   1. Magnoliidae Novák ex Takht. (1967)
               Nelumbonidae Takht. (1997)
               Nymphaeidae J.W. Walker ex Takht. (1997)
               Piperidae Reveal (1994)
               Ranunculidae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Magnoliales Bromhead (1838)
               Annonales Lindl. (1833)
               Austrobaileyales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Canellales Cronquist (1957)
               Eupomatiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Lactoridales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
               Myristicales Thomé (1877)
               Winterales A.C. Sm. ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Winteraceae R. Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
               Takhtajaniaceae (J.-F. Leroy) J.-F. Leroy (1980)
       2. Degeneriaceae I.W. Bailey & A.C. Sm., nom. cons.
            (1942)
       3. Himantandraceae Diels, nom. cons. (1917)
       4. Eupomatiaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
       5. Austrobaileyaceae (Croizat) Croizat, nom. cons.
            (1943)
       6. Magnoliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Liriodendraceae F.A. Barkley (1975)
       7. Lactoridaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1888)
       8. Annonaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Hornschuchiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Monodoraceae J. Agardh (1858)
       9. Myristicaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
       10. Canellaceae Mart., nom. cons. (1832)
               Winteranaceae Warb., nom. illeg. (1895)
     2. Laurales Perleb (1826)
               Calycanthales Mart. (1835)
               Gyrocarpales Dumort. (1829)
               Monimiales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Amborellaceae Pichon, nom. cons. (1948)
       2. Trimeniaceae (Janet R. Perkins & Gilg) Gibbs, 
            (1917)
       3. Monimiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1809)
               Atherospermataceae R. Br. (1814)
               Hortoniaceae (Janet R. Perkins & Gilg) A.C. Sm.
                (1971)
               Siparunaceae (A. DC.) Schodde (1970)
       4. Gomortegaceae Reiche, nom. cons. (1896)
       5. Calycanthaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1819)
               Buttneriaceae Barnh., nom. illeg. (1895)
               Chimonanthaceae Perleb (1838)
       6. Idiospermaceae S.T. Blake (1972)
       7. Lauraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Cassythaceae Bartl. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1833)
               Perseaceae Horan. (1834)
       8. Hernandiaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1826)
               Gyrocarpaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Illigeraceae Blume (1833)
     3. Piperales Dumort. (1829)
               Chloranthales A.C. Sm. ex J.-F. Leroy (1983)
       1. Chloranthaceae R. Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1821)
               Hedyosmaceae Caruel (1881)
       2. Saururaceae Rich. ex E. Meyer, nom. cons. (1827)
       3. Piperaceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1824)
               Peperomiaceae A.C. Sm. (1981)
    4. Aristolochiales Dumort. (1829)
               Asarales Horan. (1847)
       1. Aristolochiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Asaraceae Vent. (1799)
    5. Illiciales Hu ex Cronquist (1981)
       1. Illiciaceae (DC.) A.C. Sm., nom. cons. (1947)
       2. Schisandraceae Blume, nom. cons. (1830)
     6. Nymphaeales Dumort. (1829)
               Ceratophyllales Bisch. (1839)
               Euryalales H.L. Li (1955)
               Hydropeltidales Spenn. (1834)
               Nelumbonales Nakai ex Reveal (1996)
       1. Nelumbonaceae (DC.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       2. Nymphaeaceae Salisb., nom. cons. (1805)
               Euryalaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Nupharaceae A. Kern. (1891)
       3. Barclayaceae (Endl.) H.L. Li (1955)
       4. Cabombaceae A. Rich., nom. cons. (1828)
               Hydropeltidaceae (DC.) Dumort. (1822)
       5. Ceratophyllaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
    7. Ranunculales Dumort. (1829)
               Berberidales Dumort. (1829)
               Circaeasterales Takh. (1997)
               Coriariales Lindl. (1833)
               Glaucidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Helleborales Nakai (1949)
               Hydrastidales Takht. (1997)
               Lardizabalales Loconte (1995)
               Menispermales Bromhead (1838)
               Podophyllales Dumort. (1829)
               Sabiales Takht. (1997)
       1. Ranunculaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Actaeaceae Raf. (1828)
               Anemonaceae Vest (1818)
               Aquilegiaceae Lilja (1870)
               Calthaceae Martinov (1820)
               Cimicifugaceae (Arn.) Bromhead (1840)
               Clematidaceae Martinov (1820)
               Delphiniaceae Brenner (1886)
               Glaucidiaceae Tamura (1972)
               Helleboraceae Vest (1818)
               Hydrastidaceae Martinov (1820)
               Nigellaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Thalictraceae Raf. (1815)
       2. Circaeasteraceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
               Kingdoniaceae A.S. Foster ex Airy Shaw (1964)
       3. Berberidaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Diphylleiaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
               Epimediaceae Menge (1839)
               Leonticaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Nandinaceae Horan. (1834)
               Podophyllaceae DC., nom. cons. (1821)
               Ranzaniaceae (Kumaz. & Terabayashi) Takht.
                (1994)
       4. Sargentodoxaceae Stapf ex Hutch. (1926)
       5. Lardizabalaceae Decne., nom. cons. (1839)
               Decaisneaceae (Takht. ex Quin) Loconte (1995)
       6. Menispermaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Pseliaceae Raf. (1838)
       7. Coriariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1824)
       8. Sabiaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1851)
               Meliosmaceae Endl. (1841)
               Millingtoniaceae Wight & Arn., nom. illeg. (1834)
               Wellingtoniaceae Meisn. (1840)
     8. Papaverales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Papaveraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Chelidoniaceae Martinov (1820)
               Eschscholziaceae Ser. (1847)
               Platystemonaceae (Rchb. ex Spach) Lilja (1870)
       2. Fumariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1821)
               Corydalaceae Vest (1818)
               Hypecoaceae (Dumort.) Willk. & Lange (1880)
               Pteridophyllaceae (Murb.) Nakai ex Reveal &
                Hoogland (1991)


   2. Hamamelididae Takht. (1967)
    1. Trochodendrales Takht. ex Cronquist (1981)
       1. Tetracentraceae A.C. Sm., nom. cons. (1945)
       2. Trochodendraceae Prantl, nom. cons. (1888)
    2. Hamamelidales Griseb. (1854)
               Cercidiphyllales Hu ex Reveal (1993)
               Eupteleales Hu ex Reveal (1993)
               Myrothamnales Nakai ex Reveal (1993)
               Platanales J.H. Schaffn. (1929)
       1. Cercidiphyllaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1909)
       2. Eupteleaceae K. Wilh., nom. cons. (1910)
       3. Platanaceae T. Lestib. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       4. Hamamelidaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
               Altingiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1846)
               Bucklandiaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
               Disanthaceae Nakai (1943)
               Fothergillaceae Nutt. (1818)
               Parrotiaceae Horan. (1834)
               Rhodoleiaceae Nakai (1943)
       5. Myrothamnaceae Nied., nom. cons. (1891)
     3. Daphniphyllales Pulle ex Cronquist (1981)
       1. Daphniphyllaceae Müll.-Arg., nom. cons. (1869)
     4. Didymelales Takht. (1967)
       1. Didymelaceae Leandri (1937)
     5. Eucommiales Nemejc ex Cronquist (1981)
       1. Eucommiaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1909)
     6. Urticales Dumort. (1829)
               Barbeyales Takht. & Reveal (1993)
               Ficales Dumort. (1829)
               Physenales Takht. (1997)
               Ulmales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Barbeyaceae Rendle, nom. cons. (1916)
       2. Ulmaceae Mirb., nom. cons. (1815)
               Celtidaceae Link (1831)
       3. Cannabaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1837)
               Lupulaceae Link (1831)
       4. Moraceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
               Artocarpaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Dorsteniaceae Chev. (1827)
               Ficaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Dumort. (1829)
       5. Cecropiaceae C.C. Berg (1978)
       6. Urticaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       7. Physenaceae Takht. (1985)
     7. Leitneriales Engl. (1897)
       1. Leitneriaceae Benth. & Hook.f. (1880)
     8. Juglandales Dumort. (1829)
               Rhoipteleales Novák ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Rhoipteleaceae Hand.-Mazz., nom. cons. (1932)
       2. Juglandaceae A. Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons. (1824)
     9. Myricales Engl. (1897)
       1. Myricaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1829)
               Balanopales Engl. (1897)
               Betulales Bromhead (1838)
               Corylales Dumort. (1829)
     10. Fagales Engl. (1892)
               Quercales Burnett (1835)
       1. Balanopaceae Benth. & Hook.f. (1880)
       2. Ticodendraceae Gómez-Laur. & L.D. Gómez (1991)
       3. Fagaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Castaneaceae Adans. (1763)
               Quercaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       4. Nothofagaceae Kuprian. (1962)
       5. Betulaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
               Carpinaceae Vest (1818)
               Corylaceae Mirb., nom. cons. (1815)
     11. Casuarinales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Casuarinaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)


   3. Caryophyllidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Caryophyllales Perleb (1826)
               Amaranthales Dumort. (1829)
               Atriplicales Horan. (1847)
               Cactales Dumort. (1829)
               Chenopodiales Dumort. (1829)
               Nyctaginales Dumort. (1829)
               Opuntiales Willk. (1854)
               Petiveriales Lindl. (1833)
               Portulacales Dumort. (1829)
               Scleranthales Dumort. (1829)
               Silenales Lindl. (1833)
               Stellariales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Phytolaccaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
               Agdestidaceae (Heimerl) Nakai (1942)
               Barbeuiaceae (H. Walter) T. Nakai (1942)
               Gisekiaceae (Endl.) Nakai (1942)
               Hilleriaceae Nakai (1942)
               Petiveriaceae C. Agardh (1824)
               Riviniaceae C. Agardh (1824)
               Sarcocaceae Raf. (1837)
               Seguieriaceae Nakai (1942)
               Stegnospermataceae (A. Rich.) Nakai (1942)
       2. Achatocarpaceae Harms, nom. cons. (1934)
       3. Nyctaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Allioniaceae Horan. (1834)
               Bougainvilleaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Jalapaceae Adans., nom. illeg. (1763)
               Mirabilidaceae W.R.B. Oliv. (1936)
               Pisoniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       4. Aizoaceae Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
               Galeniaceae Raf. (1819)
               Mesembryaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Mesembryanthemaceae Fenzl, nom. cons. (1836)
               Sesuviaceae Horan. (1834)
               Tetragoniaceae Nakai, nom. cons. (1942)
       5. Didiereaceae Drake, nom. cons. (1903)
       6. Cactaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Cereaceae DC. & Spreng. (transl. W. Jameson)
                (1821)
               Opuntiaceae Martinov (1820)
       7. Chenopodiaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
               Atriplicaceae Durande (1782)
               Betaceae Burnett (1835)
               Blitaceae Adans. (1763)
               Corispermaceae Link (1831)
               Dysphaniaceae (Pax) Pax, nom. cons. (1927)
               Halophytaceae A. Soriano (1984)
               Polycnemaceae Menge (1839)
               Salicorniaceae Martinov (1820)
               Salsolaceae Menge (1839)
               Sarcobataceae Behnke (1997)
               Spinaciaceae Menge (1839)
       8. Amaranthaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Achyranthaceae Raf. (1837)
               Celosiaceae Martinov (1820)
               Deeringiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Gomphrenaceae Raf. (1837)
       9. Portulacaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Hectorellaceae Philipson & Skipw. (1961)
               Montiaceae Raf. (1820)
       10. Basellaceae Moq., nom. cons. (1840)
               Anrederaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Ullucaceae Nakai (1942)
       11. Molluginaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
               Adenogrammaceae (Fenzl) Nakai (1942)
               Glinaceae Link (1831)
               Pharnaceaceae Martinov (1820)
               Polpodaceae (Fenzl) Nakai (1942)
       12. Caryophyllaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Alsinaceae (Lam. & DC.) Bartl., nom. cons. (1825)
               Cerastiaceae Vest (1818)
               Corrigiolaceae (Dumort.) Dumort. (1829)
               Dianthaceae Vest (1818)
               Herniariaceae Durande (1782)
               Illecebraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Lychnidaceae (Fenzl ex Endl.) Lilja (1870)
               Ortegaceae Martinov (1820)
               Paronychiaceae Juss. (1815)
               Polycarpaeaceae (DC.) Schur (1866)
               Scleranthaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Silenaceae (DC.) Bartl. (1825)
               Spergulaceae Adans. (1763)
               Stellariaceae Dumort. (1822)
               Telephiaceae Martinov (1820)
     2. Polygonales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Polygonaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Calligonaceae Khalk. (1985)
               Eriogonaceae (Dumort.) G. Don (1839)
               Persicariaceae Adans. (1763)
               Rumicaceae Martinov (1820)
     3. Plumbaginales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Plumbaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Aegialitidaceae Lincz. (1968)
               Armeriaceae Horan. (1834)
               Limoniaceae Ser. (1851)
               Staticaceae Cassel (1817)


   4. Dilleniidae Takht. ex Reveal & Tahkt.
             (1993)
     1. Dilleniales Hutch. (1924)
               Paeoniales Heintze (1927)
       1. Dilleniaceae Salisb. (1807)
               Hibbertiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Soramiaceae Martinov (1820)
       2. Paeoniaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Rudolphi, nom.
            cons. (1830)
    2. Theales Lindl. (1833)
               Actinidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
               Elatinales Nakai (1949)
               Hypericales Dumort. (1829)
               Medusagynales Takht., nom. invalid. (1997)
               Ochnales Hutch. ex Reveal (1992)
               Paracryphiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Ochnaceae DC., nom. cons. (1811)
               Diegodendraceae Capuron (1964)
               Gomphiaceae DC. ex Schnizl. (1843-1870)
               Lophiraceae Loud. (1830)
               Luxemburgiaceae Soler. (1908)
               Sauvagesiaceae (Ging. ex DC.) Dumort. (1829)
               Strasburgeriaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       2. Sphaerosepalaceae (Warb.) Tiegh. ex Bullock (1959)
               Rhopalocarpaceae Hemsl. ex Takht. (1987)
       3. Sarcolaenaceae Caruel, nom. cons. (1881)
               Rhodolaenaceae Bullock (1958)
               Schizolaenaceae Barnh. (1895)
       4. Dipterocarpaceae Blume (1825)
               Monotaceae (Gilg) Takht. (1987)
       5. Caryocaraceae Szyszyl., nom. cons. (1893)
               Rhizobolaceae DC., nom. illeg. (1824)
       6. Theaceae D. Don, nom. cons. (1825)
               Asteropeiaceae (Szyszyl.) Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
               Bonnetiaceae (Bartl.) L. Beauv. ex Nakai (1948)
               Camelliaceae DC. (1816)
               Gordoniaceae (DC.) Spreng. (1826)
               Malachodendraceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
               Sladeniaceae (Gilg & Werderm.) Airy Shaw (1964)
               Ternstroemiaceae Mirb. ex DC. (1816)
       7. Actinidiaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
               Saurauiaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
       8. Scytopetalaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
               Rhaptopetalaceae Tiegh. ex Soler. (1908)
       9. Pentaphylacaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
       10. Tetrameristaceae Hutch. (1959)
       11. Pellicieraceae (Triana & Planch.) L. Beauvis. ex Bullock (1959)
       12. Oncothecaceae Kobuski ex Airy Shaw (1964)
       13. Marcgraviaceae Choisy (1824)
       14. Quiinaceae Choisy ex Engl., nom. cons. (1888)
       15. Elatinaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Alsinastraceae Rupr., nom. illeg. (1860)
               Cryptaceae Raf. (1820)
       16. Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
       17. Medusagynaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       18. Clusiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Ascyraceae Plenck (1796)
               Calophyllaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Cambogiaceae Horan. (1834)
               Garciniaceae Bartl. (1830)
               Guttiferae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
               Hypericaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
    3. Malvales Dumort. (1829)
               Elaeocarpales Takht. (1997)
               Tiliales Caruel (1881)
       1. Elaeocarpaceae Juss. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Aristoteliaceae Dumort. (1829)
       2. Tiliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Sparmanniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       3. Sterculiaceae (DC.) Bartl., nom. cons. (1830)
               Byttneriaceae R. Br. (1814)
               Cacaoaceae Augier ex T. Post & Kuntze (1903)
               Chiranthodendraceae A. Gray (1887)
               Dombeyaceae Kunth ex Desf. (1829)
               Fremontiaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
               Helicteraceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Hermanniaceae Durande (1782)
               Lasiopetalaceae Rchb. (1823)
               Melochiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Pentapetaceae Spreng. (1826)
               Theobromataceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Triplobaceae Raf. (1838)
       4. Bombacaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1822)
       5. Malvaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Fugosiaceae Martinov, nom. illeg. (1820)
               Hibiscaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Philippodendraceae Endl. (1841)
               Plagianthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
     4. Lecythidales Cronquist (1957)
       1. Lecythidaceae Poit., nom. cons. (1825)
               Asteranthaceae R. Knuth, nom. cons. (1939)
               Barringtoniaceae (DC. ex Schltdl.) Rudolphi, nom.
                cons. (1830)
               Belvisiaceae R. Br., nom. illeg. (1821)
               Foetidiaceae (Nied.) Airy Shaw (1964)
               Gustaviaceae Burnett (1835)
               Napoleonaeaceae A. Rich. (1827)
     5. Nepenthales Dumort. (1829)
               Droserales Griseb. (1854)
               Sarraceniales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Sarraceniaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Heliamphoraceae Chrtek, Slavíková & Studnicka
                (1992)
       2. Nepenthaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       3. Droseraceae Salisb. (1808)
               Aldrovandaceae Nakai (1949)
               Dionaeaceae Raf. (1837)
               Drosophyllaceae Chrtek, Slavíková & Studnicka
                (1989)
     6. Violales Perleb (1826)
               Ancistrocladales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Begoniales Dumort. (1829)
               Bixales Lindl. (1833)
               Caricales L.D. Benson (1957)
               Cistales Rchb.f. (1828)
               Cucurbitales Dumort. (1829)
               Datiscales Dumort. (1829)
               Dioncophyllales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
               Flacourtiales Heintze (1927)
               Fouquieriales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Homaliales Bromhead (1838)
               Lacistematales Baskerville (1839)
               Loasales Bessey (1907)
               Passiflorales Dumort. (1829)
               Samydales Dumort. (1829)
               Tamaricales Hutch. (1924)
               Turnerales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Flacourtiaceae Rich. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Aphloiaceae Takht. (1985)
               Bembiciaceae R.C. Keating & Takht. (1996)
               Berberidopsidaceae (Veldk.) Takht. (1985)
               Blakwelliaceae T. Lestib., nom. illeg. (1826)
               Homaliaceae R. Br. (1818)
               Kiggelariaceae Link (1831)
               Pangiaceae Endl. (1841)
               Paropsiaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Plagiopteraceae Airy Shaw (1964)
               Prockiaceae Bertuch (1801)
               Samydaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1808)
       2. Peridiscaceae Kuhlm., nom. cons. (1950)
       3. Bixaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
               Cochlospermaceae Planch. (1847)
       4. Cistaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Helianthemaceae G. Mey. (1836)
       5. Huaceae A. Chev. (1947)
       6. Lacistemataceae Mart., nom. cons. (1826)
       7. Scyphostegiaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
       8. Stachyuraceae J. Agardh (1858)
       9. Violaceae Batsch, nom. cons. (1802)
               Alsodiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Ionidiaceae Mert. & W.J. Koch (1823)
               Leoniaceae A. DC. (1844)
       10. Tamaricaceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
               Reaurmuriaceae Ehrenb. ex Lindl. (1830)
       11. Frankeniaceae A. St.-Hil. ex Gray, nom. cons.
             (1821)
       12. Dioncophyllaceae (Gilg) Airy Shaw, nom. cons.
             (1952)
       13. Ancistrocladaceae Planch. ex Walp., nom. cons.
             (1851)
       14. Turneriaceae Kunth ex DC., nom. cons. (1828)
               Piriquetaceae Martinov (1820)
       15. Malesherbiaceae D. Don, nom. cons. (1827)
       16. Passifloraceae Juss. ex Kunth, nom. cons. (1817)
               Modeccaceae Horan. (1847)
               Smeathmanniaceae Mart. ex Perleb (1838)
       17. Achariaceae Harms, nom. cons. (1897)
       18. Caricaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Papayaceae Blume, nom. illeg. (1826)
       19. Fouquieriaceae DC. (1828)
       20. Hoplestigmataceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       21. Cucurbitaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Bryoniaceae Adans. (1763)
               Cyclantheraceae Lilja (1870)
               Nhandirobaceae T. Lestib. (1826)
               Zanoniaceae Dumort. (1829)
       22. Datiscaceae R. Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
               Tetramelaceae (Warb.) Airy Shaw (1964)
       23. Begoniaceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1824)
       24. Loasaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
               Cevalliaceae Griseb. (1854)
               Gronoviaceae Endl. (1841)
    7. Salicales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Salicaceae Mirb., nom. cons. (1815)
    8. Capparales Hutch. (1924)
               Brassicales Bromhead (1838)
               Moringales Nakai (1943)
               Resedales Dumort. (1829)
               Tovariales Nakai (1943)
       1. Tovariaceae Pax, nom. cons. (1891)
       2. Capparaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Cleomaceae Horan. (1834)
               Koeberliniaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1895)
               Oxystylidaceae Hutch. (1969)
               Pentadiplandraceae Hutch. & Dalziel (1928)
       3. Brassicaceae Burnett, nom. cons. (1835)
               Cruciferae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
               Drabaceae Martinov (1820)
               Erysimaceae Martinov (1820)
               Raphanaceae Horan. (1847)
               Schizopetalaceae A. Juss. (1848)
               Sismbriaceae Martinov (1820)
               Stanleyaceae Nutt. (1834)
               Thlaspiaceae Adans. (1763)
       4. Moringaceae R. Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Hyperantheraceae Link (1829)
       5. Resedaceae DC. ex Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
               Astrocarpaceae A. Kern. (1891)
     9. Batales Engl. (1907)
               Gyrostemonales Takht. (1997)
       1. Gyrostemonaceae Endl. (1841)
       2. Bataceae Mart. ex Meisn., nom. cons. (1842)
     10. Ericales Dumort. (1829)
               Empetrales Raf. (1838)
               Rhodorales Horan. (1847)
               Vacciniales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Cyrillaceae Endl. (1841)
       2. Clethraceae Klotzsch, nom. cons. (1851)
       3. Grubbiaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1839)
               Ophiraceae Arn. (1841)
       4. Empetraceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
       5. Epacridaceae R. Br. (1810)
               Prionotaceae Hutch. (1969)
               Stypheliaceae Horan. (1834)
       6. Ericaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Andromedaceae (Endl.)DC. ex Schnizl. (1843
               -1870)
               Arbutaceae (Meisn.) Bromhead (1840)
               Arctostaphylaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Azaleaceae Vest (1818)
               Diplarchaceae Klotzsch (1860)
               Kalmiaceae Durande (1782)
               Ledaceae Link (1821)
               Menziesiaceae Klotzsch (1851)
               Rhododendraceae Juss. (1789)
               Rhodoraceae Vent. (1799)
               Salaxidaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Siphonandraceae Klotzsch, nom. illeg. (1851)
               Vacciniaceae DC. ex Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
       7. Pyrolaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       8. Monotropaceae Nutt., nom. cons. (1818)
               Hypopityaceae Link (1831)
    11. Diapensiales Engl. & Gilg (1924)
       1. Diapensiaceae (Link) Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Galacaceae D. Don (1828)
    12. Ebenales Engl. (1892)
               Diospyrales Prantl (1874)
               Sapotales Hook.f. (1868)
               Styracales Bisch. (1839)
       1. Sapotaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Achradaceae Vest (1818)
               Boerlagellaceae H.J. Lam (1925)
               Bumeliaceae Barnh. (1895)
               Sarcospermataceae H.J. Lam (1925)
       2. Ebenaceae Gürcke, nom. cons. (1891)
               Diospyraceae Durande (1782)
               Guaiacanaceae Juss. (1789)
       3. Styracaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Halesiaceae D. Don (1828)
       4. Lissocarpaceae Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       5. Symplocaceae Desf., nom. cons. (1820)
     13. Primulales Dumort. (1829)
               Myrsinales Bromhead (1838)
               Samolales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Theophrastaceae Link (1829)
       2. Myrsinaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Aegicerataceae Blume (1833)
               Ardisiaceae Juss. (1810)
               Embeliaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       3. Primulaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
               Anagallidaceae Adans. (1763)
               Coridaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Lysimachiaceae Durande (1782)
               Samolaceae Raf. (1820) 

　

  5. Rosidae Takht. (1967)
               Cornidae Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal (1994)
     1. Rosales Perleb (1826)
               Anisophylleales Takht. (1997)
               Brexiales Lindl. (1833)
               Bruniales Dumort. (1829)
               Byblidales Nakai ex Reveal (1993)
               Cephalotales Nakai (1943)
               Chrysobalanales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
               Connarales Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
               Crassulales Lindl. (1833)
               Crossosomatales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
               Cunoniales Hutch. (1924)
               Francoales Takht. (1997)
               Greyiales Takht. (1997)
               Grossulariales Lindl. (1833)
               Hortensiales Griseb. (1854)
               Hydrangeales Nakai (1943)
               Parnassiales Nakai (1943)
               Pittosporales Lindl. (1833)
               Roridulales Nakai (1943)
               Sanguisorbales Dumort. (1829)
               Saxifragales Dumort. (1829)
               Sedales Rchb.f. (1828)
       1. Brunelliaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
       2. Connaraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
               Cnestiaceae (Raf.) Raf. (1830)
       3. Eucryphiaceae Endl. (1841)
       4. Cunoniaceae R. Br. (1814)
               Baueraceae Lindl. (1830)
               Belangeraceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Callicomaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       5. Davidsoniaceae Bange (1952)
       6. Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni, nom. cons.
                (1948)
       7. Pittosporaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
       8. Byblidaceae (Engl. & Gilg) Domin, nom. cons.
            (1922)
               Roridulaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       9. Hydrangeaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Hortensiaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Kirengeshomaceae Nakai (1943)
               Philadelphaceae Martinov (1820)
               Pottingeriaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
       10. Columelliaceae D. Don, nom. cons. (1828)
       11. Grossulariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
               Abrophyllaceae Nakai (1943)
               Argophyllaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
               Brexiaceae Loud. (1830)
               Carpodetaceae Fenzl (1841)
               Dulongiaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
               Escalloniaceae R. Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons.
               (1829)
               Iteaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
               Ixerbaceae Griseb. (1854)
               Montiniaceae Nakai (1943)
               Phyllonomaceae Small (1905)
               Polyosmaceae Blume (1851)
               Pterostemonaceae Small, nom. cons. (1905)
               Ribesiaceae Marq. (1820)
               Rousseaceae DC. (1839)
               Tetracarpaeaceae Nakai (1943)
               Tribelaceae (Engl.) Airy Shaw (1964)
       12. Greyiaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
       13. Bruniaceae R. Br. ex DC., nom. cons. (1825)
               Berzeliaceae Nakai (1943)
       14. Anisophylleaceae Ridl. (1922)
               Polygonanthaceae Croizat (1943)
       15. Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
       16. Crassulaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
               Cotyledonaceae Martinov (1820)
               Rhodiolaceae Martinov (1820)
               Sedaceae Adans. (1763)
               Sempervivaceae Durande (1782)
               Tillaeaceae Martinov (1820)
       17. Cephalotaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       18. Saxifragaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Eremosynaceae Dandy (1959)
               Francoaceae A. Juss., nom. cons. (1832)
               Lepuropetalaceae (Engl.) Nakai (1943)
               Parnassiaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
               Pectiantiaceae Raf. (1837)
               Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britt., nom. cons. (1901)
               Vahliaceae Dandy (1959)
       19. Rosaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Agrimoniaceae Gray (1821)
               Alchemillaceae Martinov (1820)
               Amygdalaceae (Juss.) D. Don, nom. cons. (1825)
               Cercocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Coleogynaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Cydoniaceae Schnizl. (1858)
               Dryadaceae Gray (1821)
               Fragariaceae Nestl. (1816)
               Lindleyaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Malaceae Small ex Britt., nom. cons. (1903)
               Mespilaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
               Neilliaceae Miq. (1855)
               Potentillaceae (Juss.) Wilbr. (1824)
               Poteriaceae Raf. (1815)
               Prunaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Pyraceae Vest (1818)
               Quillajaceae D. Don (1831)
               Rhodotypaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Sanguisorbaceae Durande (1782)
               Sorbaceae Brenner (1886)
               Spiraeaceae Bertuch (1801)
               Tormentillaceae Martinov (1820)
               Ulmariaceae Gray (1821)
       20. Neuradaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
               Grielaceae Martinov (1820)
       21. Crossosomataceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
       22. Chrysobalanaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
               Hirtellaceae Horan. (1847)
               Licaniaceae Martinov (1820)
       23. Surianaceae Arn. (1834)
               Stylobasiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       24. Rhabdodendraceae (Huber) Prance (1968) 
     2. Fabales Bromhead (1838)
               Cassiales Horan. (1847)
       1. Mimosaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
       2. Caesalpiniaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Bauhiniaceae Martinov (1820)
               Cassiaceae Vest (1818)
               Ceratoniaceae Link (1831)
               Detariaceae (DC.) J. Hess (1832)
               Swartzieae (DC.) Bartl. (1830)
       3. Fabaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Aspalathaceae Martinov (1820)
               Astragalaceae Martinov (1820)
               Ciceraceae Steele (1847)
               Coronillaceae Martinov (1820)
               Galedupaceae Martinov (1820)
               Hedysaraceae Oken (1826)
               Inocarpaceae Zoll. (1854-1855)
               Lathyraceae Burnett (1835)
               Leguminosae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
               Lotaceae Oken (1826)
               Papilionaceae Giseke, nom. cons. et nom. alt.
               (1792)
               Phaseolaceae Schnizl. (1843-1870)
               Robiniaceae Vest (1818)
               Tamarindaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Viciaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
     3. Proteales Dumort. (1829)
               Elaeagnales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Elaeagnaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Hippophaeaceae G. Mey. (1836)
       2. Proteaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Lepidocarpaceae Schultz Sch., nom. illeg. (1832)
     4. Podostemales Lindl. (1833)
               Marathrales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Podostemaceae Rich. ex C. Agardh, nom. cons.
               (1822)
               Marathraceae Dumort. (1829)
               Philocrenaceae Bongard (1834)
               Tristichaceae Willis (1915)
     5. Haloragales Bromhead (1838)
               Gunnerales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Haloragaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Cercodiaceae Juss. (1817)
               Myriophyllaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
       2. Gunneraceae Meisn., nom. cons. (1842)
    6. Myrtales Rchb.f. (1828)
               Combretales Baskerville (1839)
               Daphnales Lindl. (1833)
               Lythrales Caruel (1881)
               Melastomatales Oliv. (1895)
               Oenotherales Bromhead (1838)
               Onagrales Rchb.f. (1828)
               Penaeales Lindl. (1833)
               Thymelaeales Willk. (1854)
       1. Sonneratiaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
               Blattiaceae Nied. (1892)
               Duabangaceae Takht. (1986)
       2. Lythraceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1805)
               Ammanniaceae Horan. (1834)
               Lagerstroemiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Lawsoniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Salicariaceae Adans., nom. illeg. (1763)
       3. Rhynchocalycaceae L.A.S. Johnson & B.G. Briggs
                (1985)
       4. Alzateaceae S.A. Graham (1985)
       5. Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill., nom. cons. (1828)
       6. Crypteroniaceae A. DC., nom. cons. (1868)
               Henslowiaceae Lindl. (1835)
       7. Thymelaeaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Aquilariaceae R. Br. ex DC. (1825)
               Daphnaceae Vent. (1799)
               Gonystylaceae Gilg, nom. cons. (1897)
               Phaleriaceae Meisn. (1841)
       8. Trapaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       9. Myrtaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Chamelauciaceae (DC.) Rudolphi (1830)
               Heteropyxidaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons.
                (1920)
               Kaniaceae Nakai (1943)
               Leptospermaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Rudolphi
                (1830)
               Melaleucaceae Vest (1818)
               Myrrhiniaceae Arn. (1839)
               Psiloxylaceae Croizat (1960)
       10. Punicaceae Horan., nom. cons. (1834)
       11. Onagraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Circaeaceae Ruthe (1827)
               Epilobiaceae Vent. (1799)
               Fuchsiaceae (DC.) Lilja (1870)
               Isnardiaceae Martinov (1820)
               Jussiaeaceae Martinov (1820)
               Lopeziaceae (Spach) Lilja (1870)
               Oenotheraceae C.C. Robin (1807)
       12. Oliniaceae Harv. & Sond., nom. cons. (1862)
       13. Melastomataceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Blakeaceae Rchb. ex Barnh. (1895)
               Memecylaceae DC. ex Schltdl. (1827)
               Miconiaceae K. Koch (1857)
               Mouririaceae Gardner (1840)
               Rhexiaceae Dumort. (1822)
       14. Combretaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Bucidaceae Spreng. (1825)
               Myrobalanaceae Martinov (1820)
               Sheadendraceae Bertol. (1850)
               Terminaliaceae J. St.-Hil. (1805)
     7. Rhizophorales Tiegh. ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Rhizophoraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Cassipoureaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Legnotidaceae Endl., nom. illeg. (1841)
               Macarisiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Mangiaceae Raf. (1837)
     8. Cornales Dumort. (1829)
               Aralidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Aucubales Takht. (1997)
               Garryales Lindl. (1846)
               Griseliniales Takht. (1997)
               Helwingiales Takht. (1997)
               Metteniusales Takht. (1997)
               Torricelliales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Alangiaceae DC., nom. cons. (1828)
               Metteniusaceae H. Karst. ex Schnizl. (1843-1870)
       2. Cornaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Dumort., nom. cons.
                (1829)
               Aralidiaceae Philipson & B.C. Stone (1980)
               Aucubaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Corokiaceae Kapil ex Takht. (1997)
               Curtisiaceae (Harms) Takht. (1987)
               Davidiaceae (Harms) H.L. Li (1955)
               Griseliniaceae J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. ex A. Cunn.
                (1839)
               Helwingiaceae Decne. (1836)
               Kaliphoraceae Takht. (1996)
               Mastixiaceae Calest. (1905)
               Melanophyllaceae Takht. ex Airy Shaw (1972)
               Nyssaceae Juss. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Torricelliaceae (Wang.) Hu (1934)
       3. Garryaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1834)
    9. Santalales Dumort. (1829)
               Anthobolales Dumort. (1829)
               Balanophorales Dumort. (1829)
               Cynomoriales Burnett (1835)
               Loranthales Dumort. (1829)
               Medusandrales Brenan (1952)
               Olacales Benth. (1862)
       1. Medusandraceae Brenan, nom. cons. (1952)
       2. Dipentodontaceae Merr., nom. cons. (1941)
       3. Olacaceae Mirb. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Aptandraceae Miers (1853)
               Erythropalaceae (Hassk.) Sleumer, nom. cons.
               (1942)
               Octoknemaceae Tiegh. ex Engl., nom. cons.
               (1909)
               Schoepfiaceae Blume (1850)
               Tetrastylidiaceae Calest. (1905)
               Ximeniaceae Martinet (1873)
       4. Opiliaceae (Benth.) Valeton, nom. cons. (1886)
               Cansjeraceae J. Agardh (1858)
       5. Santalaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Anthobolaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Canopodaceae C. Presl (1851)
               Dendrophthoaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
               Exocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Osyridaceae Raf. (1820)
               Thesiaceae Vest (1818)
       6. Misodendraceae J. Agardh (1858)
       7. Loranthaceae Juss. (1808)
               Elytranthaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
               Gaiadendraceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
               Nuytsiaceae Tiegh. (1896)
               Psittacanthaceae Nakai (1952)
       8. Viscaceae Batsch (1802)
               Arceuthobiaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
               Bifariaceae Nakai (1952)
               Ginalloaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
               Lepidocerataceae Nakai (1952)
               Phoradendraceae H. Karsten (1860)
       9. Eremolepidaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
       10. Balanophoraceae Rich. (1822)
               Cynomoriaceae (Schott & Endl.) Lindl., nom.
               cons. (1833)
               Dactylanthaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
               Heloseaceae (Schott & Endl.) Bromhead (1840)
               Langsdorffiaceae Tiegh. ex Pilger (1914)
               Lophophytaceae (Schott & Endl.) Bromhead
                (1840)
               Mystropetalaceae Hook.f. (1853)
               Sarcophytaceae A. Kern. (1891)
               Scybaliaceae A. Kern. (1891)
     10. Rafflesiales Oliv. (1895)
               Cytinales Dumort. (1829)
               Hydnorales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Hydnoraceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1821)
       2. Mitrastemonaceae Makino, nom. cons. (1911)
       3. Rafflesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Apodanthaceae (R. Br.) Tiegh. ex Takht. (1987)
               Cytinaceae (Brongn.) A. Rich. (1824)
     11. Celastrales Baskerville (1839)
               Aquifoliales Senft (1856)
               Cardiopteridales Tahkt. (1997)
               Corynocarpales Takht. (1997)
               Geissolomatales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Icacinales Tiegh. ex Reveal (1993)
               Salvadorales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Geissolomataceae Endl. (1841)
       2. Celastraceae R. Br. (1814)
               Canotiaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
               Chingithamnaceae Hand.-Mazz. (1932)
               Euonymaceae Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Goupiaceae Miers (1862)
               Lophopyxidaceae (Engl.) H. Pfeif. (1951)
               Siphonodontaceae (Croizat) Gagnep. & Tardieu
               ex Tardieu, nom. cons. (1951)
       3. Hippocrateaceae Juss. (1811)
               Salaciaceae Raf. (1838)
       4. Stackhousiaceae R. Br. (1814)
       5. Salvadoraceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Azimaceae Wight & Gardner (1845)
       6. Tepuianthaceae Maguire & Steyerm. (1981)
       7. Aquifoliaceae Bartl., nom. cons. (1830)
               Ilicaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Phellinaceae (Loes.) Takht. (1967)
               Sphenostemonaceae P. Royen & Airy Shaw
                (1972)
       8. Icacinaceae (Benth.) Miers, nom. cons. (1851)
               Pennantiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Phytocrenaceae Arn. ex R. Br. (1852)
       9. Aextoxicaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1920)
       10. Cardiopteridaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1847)
               Peripterygiaceae F.N. Williams (1905)
       11. Corynocarpaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
       12. Dichapetalaceae Baill., nom. cons. (1886)
               Chailletiaceae R. Br. (1818)
     12. Euphorbiales Lindl. (1833)
               Buxales Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
               Pandales Engl. & Gilg (1913)
               Simmondsiales Reveal (1992)
       1. Buxaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
               Pachysandraceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Stylocerataceae (Pax) Takht. ex Reveal &
               Hoogland (1990)
       2. Simmondsiaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Tiegh. ex Reveal &
                Hoogland (1990)
       3. Pandaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1813)
               Bennettiaceae R. Br. ex Schnizl., nom. illeg. (1846-
               1866)
       4. Euphorbiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Acalyphaceae Juss. ex Menge (1839)
               Androstachyaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
               Antidesmataceae Loud. (1830)
               Aporusaceae Lindl. ex Miq. (1859)
               Bertyaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Bischofiaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Airy Shaw (1964)
               Crotonaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Hippomanaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Hymenocardiaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
               Mercurialaceae Martinov (1820)
               Micrantheaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Paivaeusaceae A. Meeuse (1990)
               Peraceae Klotzsch (1859)
               Phyllanthaceae Martinov (1820)
               Picrodendraceae Small ex Britt. & Millsp., nom
               cons. (1920)
               Porantheraceae (Pax) Hurus. (1954)
               Pseudanthaceae Endl. (1839)
               Putranjivaceae Endl. (1841)
               Ricinaceae Martinov (1820)
               Ricinocarpaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Hurus. (1954)
               Scepaceae Lindl. (1836)
               Stilaginaceae C. Agardh (1824)
               Tithymalaceae Adans. (1763)
               Tragiaceae Raf. (1838)
               Trewiaceae Lindl. (1836)
               Uapacaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Airy Shaw (1964)
     13. Rhamnales Dumort. (1829)
               Frangulales Wirtg. (1860)
               Vitales Reveal (1996)
       1. Rhamnaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Frangulaceae DC. (1805)
               Gouaniaceae Raf. (1837)
               Phylicaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Ziziphaceae Adans. (1763)
       2. Leeaceae (DC.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       3. Vitaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Ampelopsidaceae Kostel. (1835)
               Cissaceae Drejer (1840)
               Pterisanthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
     14. Linales Baskerville (1839)
       1. Erythroxylaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1822)
               Nectaropetalaceae (H. Winkl.) Exell & Mendonça
                (1951)
       2. Humiriaceae A. Juss., nom. cons. (1829)
       3. Ixonanthaceae (Benth.) Exell & Mendonça, nom.
           cons. (1951)
       4. Hugoniaceae Arn. (1834)
               Ctenolophonaceae (H. Winkl.) Exell & Mendonça
                (1951)
       5. Linaceae DC. ex Gray (1821)
     15. Polygalales Dumort. (1829)
               Malpighiales Mart. (1835)
               Vochysiales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Malpighiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       2. Vochysiaceae A. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1820)
               Euphroniaceae Marc.-Berti (1989)
       3. Trigoniaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
       4. Tremandraceae R. Br. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Tetrathecaceae R. Br. (1814)
       5. Polygalaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Diclidantheraceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
               Emblingiaceae (Pax) Airy Shaw (1964)
               Moutabeaceae Endl. (1841)
       6. Xanthophyllaceae (Chodat) Gagnep. ex Reveal &
                Hoogland (1990)
       7. Krameriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
     16. Sapindales Dumort. (1829)
               Acerales Lindl. (1833)
               Aesculales Bromhead (1838)
               Burserales Baskerville (1839)
               Citrales Dumort. (1829)
               Julianiales Engl. (1907)
               Meliales Lindl. (1833)
               Rutales Perleb (1826)
               Zygophyllales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
       1. Staphyleaceae (DC.) Lindl., nom. cons. (1829)
               Ochranthaceae Endl. (1841)
               Tapisciaceae (Pax) Takht. (1987)
       2. Melianthaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
       3. Bretschneideraceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       4. Akaniaceae Stapf, nom. cons. (1912)
       5. Sapindaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Allophylaceae Martinov (1820)
               Dodonaeaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
               Koelreuteriaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Ornithropaceae Martinov (1820)
               Paulliniaceae Durande (1782)
               Ptaeroxylaceae J.-F. Leroy (1960)
       6. Hippocastanaceae DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Aesculaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Paviaceae Horan. (1834)
       7. Aceraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       8. Burseraceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1824)
               Balsameaceae Dumort. (1829)
       9. Anacardiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
               Blepharocaryaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
               Cassuviaceae Juss. ex R. Br., nom. illeg. (1818)
               Comocladiaceae Martinov (1820)
               Pistaciaceae Adans. (1763)
               Podoaceae Baill. ex Franch. (1889)
               Rhoaceae Spreng. ex Sadler (1826)
               Schinaceae Raf. (1837)
               Spondiadaceae Martinov (1820)
               Sumachiaceae (DC.) Perleb, nom. illeg. (1838)
               Terebinthaceae Durande, nom. illeg. (1782)
               Vernicaceae Link (1831)
       10. Julianiaceae Hemsl., nom. cons. (1906)
       11. Simaroubaceae DC., nom. cons. (1811)
               Ailanthaceae (Arn.) J. Agardh (1858)
               Castelaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Irvingiaceae (Engl.) Exell & Mendonça, nom.
               cons. (1951)
               Kirkiaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1967)
               Picramniaceae (Engler) Fernando & Quinn (1995)
               Quassiaceae Bertol. (1827)
               Simabaceae Horan. (1847)
               Soulameaceae Endl. (1841)
       12. Cneoraceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
               Chamaeleaceae Bertol., nom. illeg. (1834)
       13. Meliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Aitoniaceae (Harv.) R.A. Dyer, nom. inadmiss. (1975)
               Cedrelaceae R. Br. (1814)
               Swieteniaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       14. Rutaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Amyridaceae Kunth (1824)
               Aurantiaceae Durande (1782)
               Boroniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Citraceae Roussel (1806)
               Cuspariaceae (DC.) Tratt., nom. illeg. (1825)
               Dictamnaceae Vest (1818)
               Diosmaceae R. Br. ex Bartl. (1830)
               Diplolaenaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Flindersiaceae (Engl.) C.T. White ex Airy Shaw (1964)
               Fraxinellaceae Nees & Mart. (1823)
               Jamboliferaceae Martinov (1820)
               Monieraceae Raf., nom. illeg. (1838)
               Pilocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Pteleaceae Kunth (1824)
               Spatheliaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Zanthoxylaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       15. Zygophyllaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Balanitaceae Endl. (1841)
               Nitrariaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Peganaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
               Tetradiclidaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1986)
               Tribulaceae Trautv. (1853)
     17. Geraniales Dumort. (1829)
               Balsaminales Lindl. (1833)
               Biebersteiniales Takht. (1997)
               Limnanthales Nakai (1930)
               Oxalidales Heintze (1927)
               Tropaeolales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Oxalidaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
               Averrhoaceae Hutch. (1959)
               Dirachmaceae Hutch. (1959)
               Hypseocharitaceae Wedd. (1861)
               Lepidobotryaceae J. Léonard, nom. cons. (1950)
               Oxydacae Rupr., nom. inadmiss. (1860)
       2. Geraniaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Biebersteiniaceae Endl. (1841)
               Erodiaceae Horan. (1847)
               Ledocarpaceae Meyen (1834)
               Rhynchothecaceae Endl. (1841)
               Vivianiaceae Klotzsch (1836)
       3. Limnanthaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1833)
       4. Tropaeolaceae Juss. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Cardamindaceae Link, nom. illeg. (1831)
       5. Balsaminaceae A. Rich., nom. cons. (1822)
               Hydroceraceae Blume, nom. inadmiss. (1825)
               Impatientaceae Barnh. (1895)
     18. Apiales Nakai (1930)
               Ammiales Small (1903)
               Araliales Reveal (1996)
       1. Araliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Botryodendraceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Hederaceae Giseke (1792)
       2. Apiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Ammiaceae J. Presl & C. Presl ex Barnh. (1895)
               Angelicaceae Martinov (1820)
               Bupleuraceae Martinov (1820)
               Coriandraceae Burnett (1835)
               Daucaceae Martinov (1820)
               Eryngiaceae Raf. (1838)
               Hydrocotylaceae (Link) N. Hyl., nom. cons.
                (1945)
               Imperatoriaceae Martinov (1820)
               Pastinacaceae Martinov (1820)
               Saniculaceae (Burnett) A. Löve & D. Löve (1974)
               Smyrniaceae Burnett (1835)
               Umbelliferae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)

  6. Asteridae Takht. (1967)
               Lamiidae Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
     1. Gentianales Lindl. (1833)
               Apocynales Bromhead (1838)
               Asclepiadales Dumort. (1829)
               Chironiales Griseb. (1854)
               Desfontainiales Takht. (1997)
               Loganiales Lindl. (1833)
               Vincales Horan. (1847)
       1. Loganiaceae R. Br. ex Mart., nom. cons. (1827)
               Antoniaceae Hutch. (1959)
               Desfontainiaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
               Gardneriaceae Wall. ex Perleb (1838)
               Gelsemiaceae (G. Don) Struwe & V. Albert (1995)
               Geniostomaceae Struwe & V. Albert (1995)
               Potaliaceae Mart. (1827)
               Spigeliaceae Mart. (1827)
               Strychnaceae DC. ex Perleb (1818)
       2. Gentianaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Chironiaceae Horan. (1843)
               Coutoubeaceae Martinov (1820)
               Obolariaceae Martinov (1820)
       3. Saccifoliaceae Maguire & Pires (1978)
       4. Apocynaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Cerberaceae Martinov (1820)
               Ophioxylaceae Mart. ex Perleb (1838)
               Pacouriaceae Martinov (1820)
               Plocospermataceae Hutch. (1973)
               Plumeriaceae Horan. (1834)
               Vincaceae Vest (1818)
               Willughbeaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       5. Asclepiadaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Cynanchaceae G. Mey. (1836)
               Periplocaceae Schltr., nom. cons. (1905)
               Stapeliaceae Horan. (1834)
     2. Solanales Dumort. (1829)
               Convolvulales Dumort. (1829)
               Menyanthales T. Yamaz. ex Takht. (1997)
               Nolanales Lindl. (1835)
               Polemoniales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Duckeodendraceae Kuhlm. (1950)
       2. Nolanaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       3. Solanaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Atropaceae Martinov (1820)
               Cestraceae Schltdl. (1833)
               Daturaceae Raf. (1828)
               Goetzeaceae Miers ex Airy Shaw (1964)
               Hyoscyamaceae Vest (1818)
               Lyciaceae Raf. (1840)
               Nicotianaceae Martinov (1820)
               Salpiglossidaceae (Benth.) Hutch. (1969)
               Sclerophylacaceae Miers (1848)
       4. Convolvulaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Cressaceae Raf. (1821)
               Dichondraceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Erycibaceae Endl. ex Meisn. (1840)
               Humbertiaceae Pichon, nom. cons. (1947)
               Poranaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       5. Cuscutaceae (Dumort.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       6. Retziaceae Bartl. (1830)
       7. Menyanthaceae (Dumort.) Dumort., nom. cons.
            (1829)
       8. Polemoniaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Cobaeaceae D. Don (1824)
       9. Hydrophyllaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1817)
               Ellisiaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Eutocaceae Horan. (1847)
               Hydroleaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Sagoneaceae Martinov (1820)
     3. Lamiales Bromhead (1838)
               Boraginales Dumort. (1829)
               Verbenales Horan. (1847)
       1. Lennoaceae Solms, nom. cons. (1870)
       2. Boraginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Anchusaceae Vest (1818)
               Buglossaceae Hoffmanns. & Link (1809)
               Cerinthaceae Martinov (1820)
               Cordiaceae R. Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Echiaceae Raf. (1837)
               Ehretiaceae Mart. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
               Heliotropiaceae Schrad. (1819)
               Onosmaceae Martinov (1820)
               Sebestenaceae Vent. (1799)
               Wellstediaceae (Pilg.) Novák (1943)
       3. Verbenaceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1805)
               Aegiphilaceae Raf. (1838)
               Avicenniaceae Endl. (1841)
               Chloanthaceae Hutch. (1959)
               Cyclocheilaceae Marais (1981)
               Durantaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Lantanaceae Martinov (1820)
               Nesogenaceae Marais (1981)
               Nyctanthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Petreaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Phrymaceae Schauer, nom. cons. (1847)
               Siphonanthaceae Raf. (1838)
               Stilbaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1831)
               Symphoremataceae (Meisn.) Mold. ex Reveal &
                Hoogland (1991)
               Viticaceae Juss. (1789)
       4. Lamiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Glechomaceae Martinov (1820)
               Labiatae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
               Melittidaceae Martinov (1820)
               Menthaceae Burnett (1835)
               Nepetaceae Horan. (1834)
               Salazariaceae F.A. Barkley (1975)
               Salviaceae Raf. (1837)
               Scutellaraceae Caruel (1894)
               Tetrachondraceae Wettst. (1924)
   

     4. Callitrichales Dumort. (1829)
               Hippuridales Pulle ex Reveal (1996)
               Hydrostachyales Diels ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Hippuridaceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
       2. Callitrichaceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
               Stellariaceae MacMill., nom. illeg. (1892)
       3. Hydrostachyaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1898)
     5. Plantaginales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Plantaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Littorellaceae Gray (1821)
               Psylliaceae Horan. (1834)
    6. Scrophulariales Lindl. (1833)
               Acanthales Lindl. (1833)
               Bignoniales Lindl. (1833)
               Gesneriales Dumort. (1829)
               Globulariales Dumort. (1829)
               Jasminales Dumort. (1829)
               Lentibulariales Lindl. (1833)
               Ligustrales Bartl. ex Bisch. (1839)
               Oleales Lindl. (1833)
               Pinguiculales Dumort. (1829)
               Rhinanthales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Buddlejaceae K. Wilh. (1910)
       2. Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons.
               (1813-1820)
               Bolivariaceae Griseb. (1838)
               Forestieraceae Endl. (1841)
               Fraxinaceae Vest (1818)
               Jasminaceae Adans. (1763)
               Ligustraceae G. Mey. (1836)
               Lilacaceae Vent., nom. illeg. (1799)
               Schreberaceae (Wight) Schnizl. (1843-1870)
               Syringaceae Horan. (1847)
       3. Scrophulariaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Antirrhinaceae Pers. (1807)
               Aragoaceae D. Don (1835)
               Buchneraceae (Benth.) Lilja (1870)
               Caprariaceae Martinov (1820)
               Chelonaceae Martinov (1820)
               Digitalidaceae Martinov (1820)
               Ellisiophyllaceae Honda (1930)
               Erinaceae Duvau ex Pfeiff. (1873)
               Euphrasiaceae Martinov (1820)
               Gratiolaceae Martinov (1820)
               Limosellaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Linariaceae Martinov (1820)
               Melampyraceae Rich. ex Hook. & Lindl. (1821)
               Oxycladaceae (Miers) Schnizl. (1843-1870)
               Pedicularidaceae Juss. (1789)
               Rhinanthaceae Vent. (1799)
               Schlegeliaceae (A.H. Gentry) Reveal (1996)
               Sibthorpiaceae D. Don (1835)
               Verbasaceae Raf. (1821)
               Veronicaceae Durande (1782)
       4. Globulariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
               Hebenstretiaceae Horan. (1834)
               Selaginaceae Choisy, nom. cons. (1823)
       5. Myoporaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Bontiaceae Horan. (1834)
               Oftiaceae Takht. & Reveal (1993)
               Spielmanniaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
       6. Orobanchaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
               Aeginetiaceae Livera (1927)
               Phelypaeaceae Horan. (1834)
       7. Gesneriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
               Belloniaceae Martinov (1820)
               Besleriaceae Raf. (1838)
               Cyrtandraceae Jack (1823)
               Didymocarpaceae D. Don (1822)
               Ramondaceae Godr. (1850)
       8. Acanthaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Justiciaceae Raf. (1838)
               Meyeniaceae Sreem. (1977)
               Nelsoniaceae (Nees) Sreem. (1977)
               Thomandersiaceae Sreem. (1977)
               Thunbergiaceae (Dumort.) Lilja (1870)
       9. Pedaliaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Martyniaceae Stapf, nom. cons. (1895)
               Sesamaceae R. Br. ex Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Trapellaceae Honda & Sakisaka (1930)
       10. Bignoniaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Crescentiaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Paulowniaceae Nakai (1949)
       11. Mendonciaceae Bremek. (1954)
       12. Lentibulariaceae Rich., nom. cons. (1808)
               Pinguiculaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Utriculariaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons.
                (1813-1820)
     7. Campanulales Rchb.f. (1828)
               Brunoniales Lindl. (1833)
               Goodeniales Lindl. (1833)
               Stylidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Pentaphragmataceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Sphenocleaceae Mart. ex DC., nom. cons. (1839)
               Pongatiaceae Endl. ex Meisn., nom. illeg. (1839)
       3. Campanulaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Cyananthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Cyphiaceae A. DC. (1839)
               Cyphocarpaceae (Miers) Reveal & Hoogl.
                (1996)
               Dortmannaceae Rupr. (1856)
               Jasionaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Lobeliaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1817)
               Nemacladaceae Nutt. (1842)
       4. Stylidiaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Candolleaceae F. Muell., nom. illeg. (1883)
       5. Donatiaceae (Engl.) B. Chandler, nom. cons.
                (1911)
       6. Brunoniaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       7. Goodeniaceae R. Br. (1810)
               Scaevolaceae Lindl. (1830)
     8. Rubiales Dumort. (1829)
               Cinchonales Lindl. (1835)
               Galiales Bromhead (1838)
               Theligonales Nakai (1942)
       1. Rubiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Aparinaceae Adans. (1763)
               Asperulaceae Spenn. (1835)
               Catesbaeaceae Martinov (1820)
               Cephalanthaceae Raf. (1820)
               Cinchonaceae Batsch (1802)
               Coffeaceae Batsch (1802)
               Coutareaceae Martinov (1820)
               Galiaceae Lindl. (1836)
               Gardeniaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Guettardaceae Batsch (1802)
               Hedyotidaceae Dumort. (1822)
               Henriqueziaceae Bremek. (1957)
               Houstoniaceae Raf. (1840)
               Hydrophylacaceae Martinov (1820)
               Lippayaceae Meisn. (1838)
               Lygodisodeaceae Bartl. (1830)
               Naucleaceae (DC.) Wernh. (1911)
               Nonateliaceae Martinov (1820)
               Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb (1818)
               Pagamaeaceae Martinov (1820)
               Psychotriaceae Rudolphi (1830)
               Randicaceae Martinov (1820)
               Sabiceaceae Martinov (1820)
       2. Theligonaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Cynocrambaceae Endl., nom. illeg. (1841)
     9. Dipsacales Dumort. (1829)
               Adoxales Nakai (1949)
               Caprifoliales Lindl. (1833)
               Lonicerales T. Liebe (1866)
               Viburnales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Caprifoliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
               Loniceraceae Vest (1818)
               Sambucaceae Batsch (1786)
               Tinaceae Martinov (1820)
               Viburnaceae Raf. (1820)
       2. Adoxaceae Trautv., nom. cons. (1853)
       3. Valerianaceae Batsch, nom. cons. (1802)
               Triplostegiaceae (Höck) Airy Shaw (1964)
       4. Dipsacaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Morinaceae Raf. (1820)
               Scabiosaceae Adans. (1763)
     10. Calycerales Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
       1. Calyceraceae R. Br. ex Rich., nom. cons. (1820)
               Boopidaceae Cass. (1816)
     11. Asterales Lindl. (1833)
               Ambrosiales Dumort. (1829)
               Carduales Small (1903)
       1. Asteraceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
               Acarnaceae Link (1829)
               Ambrosiaceae Link, nom. cons. (1829)
               Anthemidaceae Martinov (1820)
               Aposeridaceae Raf. (1838)
               Arctotaceae Bessey (1914)
               Artemisiaceae Martinov (1820)
               Athanasiaceae Martinov (1820)
               Calendulaceae Link (1829)
               Carduaceae Dumort. (1822)
               Centaureaceae Martinov (1820)
               Cichoriaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Cnicaceae Vest (1818)
               Compositae Giseke, nom. cons. et nom. alt.
               (1792)
               Coreopsidaceae Link (1829)
               Cynaraceae Durande (1782)
               Echinopaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
               Eupatoriaceae Martinov (1820)
               Gnaphaliaceae Link ex Rudolphi (1830)
               Heleniaceae Raf. (1824)
               Helianthaceae Dumort. (1822)
               Helichrysaceae Link (1829)
               Inulaceae Bessey (1914)
               Lactucaceae Drude (1879)
               Lampsanaceae Martinov, nom. illeg. (1820)
               Matricariaceae Voigt (1845)
               Mutisiaceae Burnett (1835)
               Nassauviaceae Burmeist. (1837)
               Partheniaceae Link (1829)
               Perdiciaceae Link (1829)
               Picridaceae Martinov (1820)
               Santolinaceae Martinov (1820)
               Senecionaceae Spenn. (1834)
               Serratulaceae Martinov (1820)
               Tanacetaceae Vest (1818)
               Vernoniaceae Burmeist. (1837)
               Xanthiaceae Vest (1818)

II. Liliopsida Scop. (1760)
               Aropsida Bartl. (1830)
               Bromeliopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Hydrocharitopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Juncopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Liriopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Najadiopsida Hoffmanns. & Link (1809)
               Orchidopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Pandanopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Phoenicopsida Brongn. (1843)


   1. Alismatidae Takht. (1967)
               Triurididae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Alismatales Dumort. (1829)
               Butomales Hutch. (1934)
       1. Butomaceae Rich., nom. cons. (1815)
       2. Limnocharitaceae Takht. ex Cronquist (1981)
       3. Alismataceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
               Damasoniaceae Nakai (1943)
               Elismataceae Nakai, nom. illeg. (1943)
     2. Hydrocharitales Dumort. (1829)
               Elodeales Nakai (1950)
               Vallisneriales Nakai (1949)
       1. Hydrocharitaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Blyxaceae (Aschers. & Gürcke) Nakai (1949)
               Elodeaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Enhalaceae Nakai (1943)
               Halophilaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Stratiotaceae Link (1829)
               Thalassiaceae Nakai (1943)
               Vallisneriaceae Link (1829)
     3. Najadales Dumort. (1829)
               Aponogetonales Hutch. (1934)
               Cymodoceales Nakai (1943)
               Juncaginales Hutch. (1934)
               Posidoniales Nakai (1943)
               Potamogetonales Dumort. (1829)
               Ruppiales Nakai (1950)
               Scheuchzeriales B. Boivin (1956)
               Zosterales Nakai (1943)
       1. Aponogetonaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Scheuchzeriaceae Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
       3. Juncaginaceae Rich. (1808)
               Heterostylaceae Hutch. (1934)
               Lilaeaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Maundiaceae Nakai (1943)
               Triglochinaceae Chev. (1827)
       4. Potamogetonaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Hydrogetonaceae Link (1829)
       5. Ruppiaceae Horan. ex Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
       6. Najadaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       7. Zannichelliaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       8. Posidoniaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
               Cauliniaceae J. Presl, nom. illeg. (1846)
       9. Cymodoceaceae N. Taylor, nom. cons. (1909)
       10. Zosteraceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
     4. Triuridales Hook.f. (1876)
               Petrosaviales Takht. (1997)
       1. Petrosaviaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
       2. Triuridaceae Gardner, nom. cons. (1843)
               Lacandoniaceae E. Martínes & Ramos (1989)


   2. Arecidae Takht. (1967)
               Acoranae Reveal (1997)
               Aridae Takht. (1997)
    1. Arecales Bromhead (1840)
               Cocosales Nakai (1930)
       1. Arecaceae Schultz Sch., nom. cons. (1832)
               Acristaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
               Borassaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
               Calamaceae Kunth ex Perleb (1838)
               Ceroxylaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
               Chamaedoreaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
               Cocosaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
               Coryphaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
               Geonomataceae O.F. Cook (1913)
               Iriarteaceae O.F. Cook & Doyle (1913)
               Lepidocaryaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
               Malortieaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
               Manicariaceae O.F. Cook (1910)
               Nypaceae Brongn. ex Le Maout & Decne.
                (1868)
               Palmae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
               Phoenicaceae Burnett (1835)
               Phytellephaceae Mart. ex Perleb (1838)
               Pseudophoenicaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
               Sabalaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
               Sagaceae Schultz Sch., nom. illeg. (1832)
               Synechanthaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
    2. Cyclanthales Nakai (1930)
       1. Cyclanthaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
    3. Pandanales Lindl. (1833) 
       1. Pandanaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Freycinetiaceae Brongn. ex Le Maout & Decne.
                (1868)
     4. Arales Dumort. (1829)
               Acorales Reveal (1996)
       1. Acoraceae Martinov (1820)
       2. Araceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Arisaraceae Raf. (1838)
               Caladiaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Callaceae Rchb. ex Bartl. (1830)
               Cryptocorynaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Dracontiaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Lentiscaceae Horan. (1843)
               Orontiaceae Bartl. (1830)
               Pistiaceae Rich. ex C. Agardh (1822)
               Pothoaceae Raf. (1838)
       3. Lemnaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
               Wolffiaceae Bubani (1901-1902)


    3. Commelinidae Takht. (1967)
     1. Commelinales Dumort. (1829)
               Rapateales Colella ex Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
               Mayacales Nakai (1943)
               Xyridales Lindl. (1846)
       1. Rapateaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       2. Xyridaceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1823)
               Abolbodaceae Nakai (1943)
       3. Mayacaceae Kunth (1842)
       4. Commelinaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Cartonemataceae Pichon, nom. cons. (1946)
               Ephemeraceae Batsch, nom. illeg. (1802)
               Tradescantiaceae Salisb. (1807)
     2. Eriocaulales Nakai (1930)
       1. Eriocaulaceae P. Beauv. ex Desv. (1828)
     3. Restionales J.H. Schaffn. (1929)
               Centrolepidales R. Dahlgren ex Takht. (1997)
               Flagellariales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
       1. Flagellariaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       2. Joinvilleaceae Toml. & A.C. Sm. (1970)
       3. Restionaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Anarthriaceae D.F. Cutler & Airy Shaw (1965)
               Ecdeiocoleaceae D.F. Cutler & Airy Shaw (1965)
               Elegiaceae Raf. (1838)
       4. Centrolepidaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Devauxiaceae Dumort., nom. illeg. (1829)
     4. Juncales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Juncaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       2. Thurniaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1907)
    5. Cyperales Hutch. (1934)
               Avenales Bromhead (1838)
               Poales Small (1903)
       1. Cyperaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Caricaceae Burnett, nom. illeg. (1835)
               Kobresiaceae Gilly (1952)
               Papyraceae Burnett (1835)
               Scirpaceae Batsch (1786)
       2. Poaceae (R. Br.) Barnh., nom. cons. (1895)
               Aegilopaceae Martinov (1820)
               Agrostidaceae Burnett (1835)
               Alopecuraceae Martinov (1820)
               Andropogonaceae Martinov (1820)
               Anomochloaceae Nakai (1943)
               Arundinaceae (Dumort.) Hochst. (1850)
               Arundinellaceae (Stapf) Herter (1940)
               Avenaceae Martinov (1820)
               Bambusaceae Burnett (1835)
               Chloridaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Herter (1940)
               Eragrostidaceae (Stapf) Herter (1940)
               Festucaceae (Dumort.) Herter (1952)
               Gramineae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
               Hordeaceae Burnett (1835)
               Lepturaceae (Dumort.) Herter (1940)
               Maydaceae Martinov, nom. illeg. (1820)
               Melicaceae Martinov (1820)
               Miliaceae Burnett (1835)
               Nardaceae Martinov (1820)
               Oryzaceae Burnett (1835)
               Panicaceae Voigt (1845)
               Pappophoraceae (Kunth) Herter (1940)
               Parianaceae Nakai (1943)
               Phalaridaceae Burnett (1835)
               Pharaceae (Stapf) Herter (1940)
               Saccharaceae Martinov (1820)
               Spartinaceae Burnett (1835)
               Sporobolaceae Herter (1941)
               Stipaceae Burnett (1835)
               Streptochaetaceae Nakai (1943)
               Tristeginaceae (Link) Herter, nom. illeg. (1940)
               Triticaceae Hochst. (1848)
               Zeaceae A. Kern. (1891)
    6. Hydatellales Cronquist (1980)
       1. Hydatellaceae U. Hamann, nom. cons. (1976)
    7. Typhales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Sparganiaceae Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
       2. Typhaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)


    4. Zingiberidae Cronquist (1978)
     1. Bromeliales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Bromeliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Tillandsiaceae Wilbr. (1834)
     2. Zingiberales Griseb. (1854)
               Amomales Lindl. (1835)
               Cannales Dumort. (1829)
               Lowiales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
               Musales Reveal (1997)
       1. Strelitziaceae (K. Schum.) Hutch. (1934)
       2. Heliconiaceae (A. Rich.) Nakai (1941)
       3. Musaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       4. Lowiaceae Ridl., nom. cons. (1924)
       5. Zingiberaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1835)
               Alpiniaceae R. Br. ex Rudolphi (1830)
               Amomaceae J. St.-Hil. (1805)
               Curcumaceae Dumort. (1829)
       6. Costaceae (Meisn.) Nakai (1941)
       7. Cannaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       8. Marantaceae Petersen, nom. cons. (1888)


   5. Liliidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Liliales Perleb (1826)
               Agavales Hutch. (1934)
               Alliales Traub (1972)
               Alstroemeriales Hutch. (1934)
               Amaryllidales Bromhead (1840)
               Asparagales Bromhead (1838)
               Asteliales Dumort. (1829)
               Colchicales Dumort. (1829)
               Dasypogonales Thorne, nom. nud. (1997)
               Dioscoreales Hook.f. (1876)
               Geitonoplesiaceae R. Dahlgr. ex Conran (1994)
               Haemodorales Hutch. (1934)
               Hanguanales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
               Hypoxidales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
               Iridales Raf. (1815)
               Ixiales Lindl. (1835)
               Melanthiales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
               Narcissales Dumort. (1829)
               Nartheciales Reveal & Zompher (1997)
               Paridales Dumort. (1829)
               Philydrales Dumort. (1829)
               Pontederiales Hook.f. (1876)
               Smilacales Lindl. (1833)
               Stemonales Takht. (1995)
               Taccales Dumort. (1829)
               Tamales Dumort. (1829)
               Tecophilaeales Traub ex Reveal (1993)
               Tofieldiales Reveal & Zomlefer (1997)
               Trilliales Takht. (1997)
               Velloziales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
               Veratrales Dumort. (1829)
               Xanthorrhoeales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
       1. Philydraceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
       2. Pontederiaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1816)
               Heterantheraceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Unisemataceae Raf. (1837)
       3. Haemodoraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Conostylidaceae (Pax) Takht. (1987)
               Dilatridaceae M. Roem. (1840)
               Lophiolaceae Nakai (1943)
               Wachendorfiaceae Herb. (1837)
               Xiphidiaceae Dumort. (1829)
       4. Cyanastraceae Engl., nom. cons. (1900)
       5. Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Abaminaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
               Agapanthaceae Voigt (1850)
               Alliaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
               Alstroemeriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Amaryllidaceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1805)
               Androsynaceae Salisb., nom. cons. rej. (1866)
               Anthericaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Aphyllanthaceae Burnett (1835)
               Asparagaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Asphodelaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Aspidistraceae Endl. (1841)
               Asteliaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Blandfordiaceae R. Dahlgren & Clifford (1985)
               Brunsvigiaceae Horan. (1834)
               Bulbocodiaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Burchardiaceae Takht. (1996)
               Calochortaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Campynemataceae Dumort. (1829)
               Cepaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Chionographidaceae Takht. (1996)
               Colchicaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
               Compsoaceae Horan., nom. rej. prop. (1834)
               Conantheraceae (D. Don) Hook.f. (1873)
               Convallariaceae Horan. (1834)
               Crinaceae Vest (1818)
               Cyanellaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Cyrtanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Dianellaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Eriospermaceae Endl. (1841)
               Erythroniaceae Martinov (1820)
               Eucomidaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Fritillariaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Funkiaceae Horan., nom. illeg. (1834)
               Galanthaceae G. Mey. (1836)
               Gethyllidaceae Raf. (1838)
               Gilliesiaceae Lindl. (1826)
               Haemanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Heloniadaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Hemerocallidaceae R. Br. (1810)
               Herreriaceae Endl. (1841)
               Hesperocallidaceae Traub (1972)
               Hostaceae B. Mathew (1988)
               Hyacinthaceae Batsch (1786)
               Hypoxidaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Ixioliriaceae (Pax) Nakai (1943)
               Japonoliriaceae Takht. (1996)
               Johnsoniaceae Lotsy (1911)
               Lachenaliaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Lanariaceae H. Huber ex R. Dahlgren & A.E.
                van Wyk (1988)
               Laxmanniaceae Bubani (1901-1902)
               Leucojaceae Batsch (1786)
               Liriaceae Batsch (1786)
               Medeolaceae (S. Wats.) Takht. (1987)
               Melanthiaceae Batsch, nom. cons. (1802)
               Merenderaceae Mirb. (1804)
               Milulaceae Traub (1972)
               Narcissaceae Juss. (1789)
               Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon (1846)
               Ophiopogonaceae Endl. (1841)
               Oporanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Ornithogalaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Pancratiaceae Horan. (1847)
               Paridaceae Dumort. (1827)
               Peliosanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Platymetraceae Salisb., nom. illeg. (1866)
               Polygonataceae Salisb. (1866)
               Ruscaceae Sprengl. ex Hutch., nom. cons.
                (1934)
               Scillaceae Vest (1818)
               Scoliopaceae Takht. (1996)
               Strumariaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Tecophilaeaceae Leyb., nom. cons. (1862)
               Themidaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Tofieldiaceae Takht. (1994)
               Tricyrtidaceae Takht., nom. cons. prop. (1997)
               Trilliaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1846)
               Tulbaghiaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Tulipaceae Batsch (1786)
               Tupistraceae Schnizl. (1846)
               Uvulariaceae A. Gray ex Kunth, nom. cons.
                (1843)
               Veratraceae Salisb. (1807)
               Walleriaceae (R. Dahlgren) Takht., nom. cons.
                prop. (1994)
               Xerophyllaceae Takht. (1996)
               Zephyranthaceae Salisb. (1866)
       6. Iridaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Crocaceae Vest (1818)
               Galaxiaceae Raf. (1836)
               Gladiolaceae Raf. (1838)
               Hewardiaceae Nakai, nom. illeg. (1943)
               Isophysidaceae (Hutch.) F.A. Barkley (1948)
               Ixiaceae Horan. (1834)
       7. Velloziaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
               Acanthochlamydaceae (Shou C. Chen)
               P.C. Kao (1989)
               Barbaceniaceae Arn. (1832)
       8. Aloaceae Batsch (1802)
       9. Agavaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
               Doryanthaceae R. Dahlgren & Clifford (1985)
               Dracaenaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Nolinaceae Nakai (1943)
               Phormiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Sansevieriaceae Nakai (1936)
               Yuccaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       10. Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Baxteriaceae Takht. (1996)
               Calectasiaceae Endl. (1838)
               Dasypogonaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Kingiaceae Endl. (1838)
               Lomandraceae Lotsy (1911)
               Xerotaceae Endl., nom. illeg. (1838)
       11. Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
       12. Taccaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       13. Stemonaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1887)
               Croomiaceae Nakai (1937)
               Pentastemonaceae Duyfjes (1992)
               Roxburghiaceae Wall. (1832)
       14. Smilacaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
               Eustrephaceae Chupov (1994)
               Lapageriaceae Kunth (1850)
               Luzuriagaceae Lotsy (1911)
               Petermanniaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
               Philesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Rhipogonaceae Conran & Cliffford (1985)
       15. Dioscoreaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Avetraceae Takht. (1997)
               Stenomeridaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
               Tamaceae Martinov (1820)
               Tamnaceae J. Kickx f. (1826)
               Trichopodaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
     2. Orchidales Raf. (1815)
               Burmanniales Heintze (1927)
       1. Geosiridaceae Jonker, nom. cons. (1939)
       2. Burmanniaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1827)
               Thismiaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
               Tripterellaceae Dumort., nom. illeg. (1829)
       3. Corsiaceae Becc., nom. cons. (1878)
       4. Orchidaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Apostasiaceae Lindl. (1833)
               Cypripediaceae Lindl. (1833)
               Limodoraceae Horan. (1847)
               Neottiaceae Horan. (1834)
               Neuwiediaceae (Burns-Bal. & V.A. Funk)
                R. Dahlgren ex Reveal & Hoogland (1991)
               Vanillaceae Lindl. (1835)

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

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